Medical treatment in China

Laparoscopic Anti-Reflux Surgery (Nissen/Toupet)

Performed laparoscopically under general anesthesia; hiatal hernia repair may be combined if applicable. Common practice involves separating the gastric fundus from the lower esophagus, suturing the diaphragmatic crura to reinforce the sphincter area, and then performing a complete (Nissen) or part…