Medical treatment in China

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery/Ureteroscopy with Holmium Laser Lithotripsy (RIRS/URS)

The surgery enters the bladder through the urethra and ascends along the ureter to the target area in the kidney. The common practice is to use a holmium laser to pulverize or break the stone into small pieces under visualization and remove larger fragments; if applicable, a ureteral sheath and dou…